[카테고리:] Uncategorized

12jan05

Steve Jobs’ 2005 Stanford Commencement Address

https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2005/06/youve-got-find-love-jobs-says

An entrepreneur is a person who starts, organizes, and manages a business or venture, taking on significant financial risk in the hope of making a profit.econlib+3

In standard business usage, the entrepreneur is the individual who founds or owns a firm and assumes unusually high levels of risk and responsibility compared with ordinary employees, often investing personal capital and making key strategic decisions. In economics, the entrepreneur is viewed as an agent of change who discovers or creates new ways of combining resources, introduces new products or technologies, and helps translate inventions into marketable goods and services. Many sources also emphasize that entrepreneurs typically identify market opportunities, innovate, and coordinate the factors of production—land, labor, and capital—so that a new or improved business can operate and grow.fiveable+9

The word itself comes from French, from entreprendre, meaning “to undertake,” reflecting the idea of someone who undertakes a venture or project involving uncertainty and risk.schoolofmoney+1

24feb55

Steve Jobs was an American entrepreneur and inventor best known as the cofounder and long‑time leader of Apple Inc., where he helped pioneer the personal computer and later products like the iPod, iPhone, and iPad.wikipedia+2

He was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, was adopted shortly after birth, and grew up in the Bay Area, where he developed an early interest in electronics. In 1976, he founded Apple with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, and the company’s early machines such as the Apple II and the Macintosh helped launch the personal computer revolution.

After being forced out of Apple in 1985, he started NeXT and bought what became Pixar Animation Studios, which produced the first fully computer‑animated feature film, “Toy Story.” He returned as Apple’s CEO in 1997, led its turnaround and the creation of devices like the iMac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and became a central figure in shaping modern consumer technology.

Jobs died of complications related to pancreatic cancer on October 5, 2011, in Palo Alto, California, but remains widely regarded as a visionary who transformed multiple industries, from computing to music, phones, and digital media.britannica+5

Technology is, in general, the use of scientific or other systematic knowledge to achieve practical goals, usually by creating tools, machines, methods, or systems that solve problems or perform tasks.merriam-webster+3

In its most common dictionary sense, technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge, especially in industry, such as in medical technology, information technology, or manufacturing technology. The word can also refer to the actual tools and equipment that result from this application, like computers, smartphones, or industrial robots.

More broadly in science and STS literature, technology is understood as the entire set of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or in providing services, together with the knowledge and organizational systems that support them.britannica+5

Economy has a few related meanings, but in economics it mainly means the system of production, exchange, and use of goods and services in a country or region.wikipedia+2

In macroeconomic and everyday policy language, an economy is the system of trade, industry, and money through which a society’s wealth is created and used, such as “the Korean economy” or “the global economy.” It encompasses how resources are organized for production, how goods and services are distributed and traded, and how income flows between households, firms, and the government. More abstractly, some authors define an economy as the social domain that involves practices and institutions around producing, using, and managing resources. In micro usage, the word economy can also refer to a single country considered as an economic unit, for example calling Korea or Germany “an advanced economy” or “an emerging economy.”dictionary.cambridge+4

There is also a separate, more general meaning: economy can mean careful, efficient use of money, time, or other resources, as in “economy of words” or “making economies on costs.”oxfordlearnersdictionaries+2

Industry has two main meanings in economics and everyday English.merriam-webster+1

In the economic sense, industry is a branch of an economy made up of firms that produce closely related goods or services, such as the automobile industry, banking industry, or tourism industry.

It refers to the companies and activities involved in producing goods (often in factories) or providing a particular type of service, and is often classified into primary (e.g., agriculture, mining), secondary (manufacturing, construction), and tertiary or service industries (e.g., finance, transport, entertainment).

More broadly, dictionaries also use industry to mean manufacturing activity as a whole or a distinct group of businesses providing a particular product or service.britannica+3

There is also a behavioral meaning: industry can mean the quality of steady, habitual hard work or diligence, as when someone is praised for their industry in their job or studies.dictionary.cambridge+1

Time is usually defined as a continuous, measurable progression of existence from past through present to future, used to order events and compare their durations.wikipedia+1

Basic dictionary sense

In everyday language, time is “the measured or measurable period during which an action, process, or condition exists or continues,” which is often summarized as duration. It is what clocks and calendars quantify in units such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, and years. This lets us say not only when something happens but also how long it lasts and how often it repeats.merriam-webster+4

Physical and philosophical sense

In physics and philosophy, time is treated as a nonspatial continuum that allows us to sequence events, measure intervals, and define rates of change. Modern physics often models time as a fourth dimension alongside three spatial dimensions, especially in relativity theory. There, time is tied to the readings of clocks attached to particular reference frames, so simultaneity and duration depend on the observer’s state of motion.britannica+1

Everyday usages

In ordinary usage, “time” can mean a particular moment (for example, “What time is it?”), a suitable or scheduled moment (“It’s time for bed”), or an amount of available time (“I don’t have time today”). It is also used to describe periods characterized by certain events, as in “at that time” or “in ancient times.” All of these everyday senses presuppose the more general idea of a measurable continuum in which events occur and can be located.dictionary.cambridge+3

Future most commonly means the time that is to come, or the events that will happen after the present.merriam-webster+3

In everyday usage, “the future” refers to the period of time after now and to what will happen in that period, as when we say “I worry about the future” or “We need to plan for the future.” Philosophically, it is defined as the time after the past and present, whose arrival is considered inevitable given the existence of time and physical laws. The word can also refer to someone’s prospects or expected development (“a bright future in this career”), highlighting anticipated conditions rather than just time.dictionary.cambridge+4

In grammar, “future” names the verb tense used for actions that have not yet happened but are expected or planned, such as “will go” or “is going to go.” In finance, “futures” (usually plural) are standardized contracts to buy or sell assets at a set price for delivery at a later date.wikipedia+3

Nvidia is a U.S. semiconductor and computing company that pioneered the modern GPU and has become a core infrastructure provider for artificial intelligence, data centers, and high‑performance computing, alongside its original PC gaming and graphics business.wikipedia+2

What Nvidia is

Nvidia Corporation is an American technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem. The company designs GPUs, systems‑on‑chips, and software platforms used in gaming, professional visualization, AI, and automotive applications. It is publicly traded on Nasdaq under the ticker NVDA and is widely regarded as one of the most valuable and influential Big Tech firms in the world.linkedin+3

Core businesses and products

Nvidia’s best‑known products are its GeForce GPUs, which dominate the discrete graphics market for gaming PCs and creative workstations, with around a 90%+ share in discrete desktop and laptop GPUs as of early 2025. It also sells professional GPUs and complete systems for data centers under brands like H100, B100/Blackwell, and DGX, which are used to train and run large AI models and power many of the world’s TOP500 supercomputers. Over time, Nvidia has expanded into end‑to‑end platforms including networking (via Mellanox), AI software stacks (CUDA, cuDNN, enterprise AI suites), and automotive platforms for driver‑assistance and autonomous driving.techtarget+4

Role in AI and data centers

A key strategic move was the development of CUDA in the mid‑2000s, a programming platform that let developers use GPUs for general‑purpose parallel computing, effectively turning GPUs into accelerators for scientific computing, finance, and later deep learning. As of 2025, Nvidia controls more than 80% of the market for GPUs used to train and deploy AI models and provides chips for over 75% of the world’s TOP500 supercomputers. Its data center revenue has grown explosively—over 400% year‑on‑year to around 18.4 billion dollars in a single quarter in 2024—driven by demand from hyperscalers like Meta, which alone planned to deploy about 350,000 H100 GPUs. Nvidia also partners closely with AI labs such as OpenAI, including a planned investment of up to 100 billion dollars to supply next‑generation AI data center infrastructure.cnbc+3

Growth and market significance

Initially a niche GPU vendor, Nvidia’s pivot from pure graphics to “accelerated computing” made it a central supplier for cloud providers, enterprises, and governments building AI infrastructure. The company’s market capitalization surpassed 3 trillion dollars in June 2024, putting it in the very top tier of global public companies by value. As of 2025 it employed roughly 36,000 people and positioned itself as a “full‑stack” computing company, integrating chips, systems, networking, and software into tightly coupled platforms. Many analysts now see Nvidia’s hardware and software ecosystem as foundational to the current AI cycle, analogous to what Intel plus Microsoft were to the PC era.itpro+3

Brief history

Nvidia was founded on April 5, 1993, after its three founders concluded that dedicated graphics processors would be essential for the next generation of 3D computing. Its early breakthrough was the GeForce 256 in 1999, often cited as the first modern GPU and a catalyst for the explosion of PC 3D gaming. Subsequent milestones included acquiring 3dfx assets, moving into mobile and console graphics, launching CUDA, and then building out a data center‑focused AI hardware and software stack. This sequence of bets shifted Nvidia from a cyclical PC‑graphics supplier into a central player in AI, supercomputing, and cloud infrastructure.finance.yahoo+4

17feb63

Jensen Huang (born Jen-Hsun Huang in 1963 in Tainan, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese‑American entrepreneur, electrical engineer, and philanthropist who is the founder, president, and CEO of Nvidia, the world’s largest company by market capitalization as of 2024.wikipedia+1

He cofounded Nvidia in 1993 at age 30, reportedly sketching the idea during a meeting at a Denny’s restaurant, and has led the company continuously since then, an unusually long tenure in Silicon Valley. Under his leadership, Nvidia invented the modern GPU in 1999, which not only transformed PC gaming and computer graphics but later became the core hardware platform for high‑performance computing and modern AI, including large-scale neural networks and generative models. Nvidia’s GPUs, and now its broader accelerated computing platforms, are central infrastructure for data centers, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and many AI applications used by hyperscalers and enterprises.nvidianews.nvidia+3

Huang emigrated to the United States as a child, later earning a B.S. in electrical engineering from Oregon State University and an M.S. in electrical engineering from Stanford University. Before founding Nvidia, he worked as a chip designer at AMD and then held technical and management roles at LSI Logic, where he gained experience in semiconductor design and custom silicon for hardware vendors. These roles exposed him early to graphics and accelerator architectures, setting up the insight that 3D graphics and parallel processing would become foundational for the next era of computing.nvidia+2

He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the semiconductor and AI industries, sometimes associated with the phrase “Huang’s Law,” which refers to the rapid performance gains of GPUs in AI workloads, analogous to but distinct from Moore’s Law. Various business publications have ranked him among the world’s top‑performing or most influential CEOs, including Fortune and Harvard Business Review, and he has been recognized by organizations such as the National Academy of Engineering and the Semiconductor Industry Association. In late 2024, he received honors like the Edison Award for visionary AI leadership and shared the VinFuture Prize grand prize with several leading AI researchers for their contributions to neural networks and deep learning.britannica+4

Beyond Nvidia, Huang and his wife established the Jen-Hsun and Lori Huang Foundation, which has funded universities (including their alma maters), public health causes, and community organizations in the Bay Area. His personal story—from early jobs like cleaning toilets at a boarding school and working in fast food to leading a foundational AI hardware company—is frequently cited in narratives about immigrant entrepreneurship and the social impact of the semiconductor industry.ilctr+2