[카테고리:] Uncategorized

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, recognizing patterns, understanding language, and making decisions. In more technical terms, it is a field of computer science that builds algorithms and models enabling machines to perceive their environment, infer from data, and choose actions that achieve specified goals. AI today mostly appears as “narrow” systems specialized in specific tasks—like translation, recommendation, or image recognition—rather than human‑level general intelligence across all domains.ibm+4

A system is a group of related or interacting parts that work together as a unified whole for a particular purpose. More formally, it is an organized set of elements whose relationships and interactions produce behavior or outcomes that the individual parts alone do not. In everyday use, the word can refer to concrete arrangements like a heating or computer system, abstract structures like a legal or economic system, or even organized sets of ideas such as a philosophical system.dictionary.cambridge+5

12jan05

Steve Jobs’ 2005 Stanford Commencement Address

https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2005/06/youve-got-find-love-jobs-says

An entrepreneur is a person who starts, organizes, and manages a business or venture, taking on significant financial risk in the hope of making a profit.econlib+3

In standard business usage, the entrepreneur is the individual who founds or owns a firm and assumes unusually high levels of risk and responsibility compared with ordinary employees, often investing personal capital and making key strategic decisions. In economics, the entrepreneur is viewed as an agent of change who discovers or creates new ways of combining resources, introduces new products or technologies, and helps translate inventions into marketable goods and services. Many sources also emphasize that entrepreneurs typically identify market opportunities, innovate, and coordinate the factors of production—land, labor, and capital—so that a new or improved business can operate and grow.fiveable+9

The word itself comes from French, from entreprendre, meaning “to undertake,” reflecting the idea of someone who undertakes a venture or project involving uncertainty and risk.schoolofmoney+1

24feb55

Steve Jobs was an American entrepreneur and inventor best known as the cofounder and long‑time leader of Apple Inc., where he helped pioneer the personal computer and later products like the iPod, iPhone, and iPad.wikipedia+2

He was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, was adopted shortly after birth, and grew up in the Bay Area, where he developed an early interest in electronics. In 1976, he founded Apple with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, and the company’s early machines such as the Apple II and the Macintosh helped launch the personal computer revolution.

After being forced out of Apple in 1985, he started NeXT and bought what became Pixar Animation Studios, which produced the first fully computer‑animated feature film, “Toy Story.” He returned as Apple’s CEO in 1997, led its turnaround and the creation of devices like the iMac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and became a central figure in shaping modern consumer technology.

Jobs died of complications related to pancreatic cancer on October 5, 2011, in Palo Alto, California, but remains widely regarded as a visionary who transformed multiple industries, from computing to music, phones, and digital media.britannica+5

Technology is, in general, the use of scientific or other systematic knowledge to achieve practical goals, usually by creating tools, machines, methods, or systems that solve problems or perform tasks.merriam-webster+3

In its most common dictionary sense, technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge, especially in industry, such as in medical technology, information technology, or manufacturing technology. The word can also refer to the actual tools and equipment that result from this application, like computers, smartphones, or industrial robots.

More broadly in science and STS literature, technology is understood as the entire set of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or in providing services, together with the knowledge and organizational systems that support them.britannica+5

Economy has a few related meanings, but in economics it mainly means the system of production, exchange, and use of goods and services in a country or region.wikipedia+2

In macroeconomic and everyday policy language, an economy is the system of trade, industry, and money through which a society’s wealth is created and used, such as “the Korean economy” or “the global economy.” It encompasses how resources are organized for production, how goods and services are distributed and traded, and how income flows between households, firms, and the government. More abstractly, some authors define an economy as the social domain that involves practices and institutions around producing, using, and managing resources. In micro usage, the word economy can also refer to a single country considered as an economic unit, for example calling Korea or Germany “an advanced economy” or “an emerging economy.”dictionary.cambridge+4

There is also a separate, more general meaning: economy can mean careful, efficient use of money, time, or other resources, as in “economy of words” or “making economies on costs.”oxfordlearnersdictionaries+2

Industry has two main meanings in economics and everyday English.merriam-webster+1

In the economic sense, industry is a branch of an economy made up of firms that produce closely related goods or services, such as the automobile industry, banking industry, or tourism industry.

It refers to the companies and activities involved in producing goods (often in factories) or providing a particular type of service, and is often classified into primary (e.g., agriculture, mining), secondary (manufacturing, construction), and tertiary or service industries (e.g., finance, transport, entertainment).

More broadly, dictionaries also use industry to mean manufacturing activity as a whole or a distinct group of businesses providing a particular product or service.britannica+3

There is also a behavioral meaning: industry can mean the quality of steady, habitual hard work or diligence, as when someone is praised for their industry in their job or studies.dictionary.cambridge+1

Time is usually defined as a continuous, measurable progression of existence from past through present to future, used to order events and compare their durations.wikipedia+1

Basic dictionary sense

In everyday language, time is “the measured or measurable period during which an action, process, or condition exists or continues,” which is often summarized as duration. It is what clocks and calendars quantify in units such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, and years. This lets us say not only when something happens but also how long it lasts and how often it repeats.merriam-webster+4

Physical and philosophical sense

In physics and philosophy, time is treated as a nonspatial continuum that allows us to sequence events, measure intervals, and define rates of change. Modern physics often models time as a fourth dimension alongside three spatial dimensions, especially in relativity theory. There, time is tied to the readings of clocks attached to particular reference frames, so simultaneity and duration depend on the observer’s state of motion.britannica+1

Everyday usages

In ordinary usage, “time” can mean a particular moment (for example, “What time is it?”), a suitable or scheduled moment (“It’s time for bed”), or an amount of available time (“I don’t have time today”). It is also used to describe periods characterized by certain events, as in “at that time” or “in ancient times.” All of these everyday senses presuppose the more general idea of a measurable continuum in which events occur and can be located.dictionary.cambridge+3

Future most commonly means the time that is to come, or the events that will happen after the present.merriam-webster+3

In everyday usage, “the future” refers to the period of time after now and to what will happen in that period, as when we say “I worry about the future” or “We need to plan for the future.” Philosophically, it is defined as the time after the past and present, whose arrival is considered inevitable given the existence of time and physical laws. The word can also refer to someone’s prospects or expected development (“a bright future in this career”), highlighting anticipated conditions rather than just time.dictionary.cambridge+4

In grammar, “future” names the verb tense used for actions that have not yet happened but are expected or planned, such as “will go” or “is going to go.” In finance, “futures” (usually plural) are standardized contracts to buy or sell assets at a set price for delivery at a later date.wikipedia+3